Uncivilized Punishment is touted as the holy grail of all Punishments. (savage, primitive) barbare, sauvage adj adjectif: modifie un nom. Translated into several languages, Trans Terra is a comic book manifesto for the post-capitalist-crisis world. Tom Kaczynski (a.k.a. Tom K) is an Ignatz-nominated cartoonist, designer, illustrator, writer, teacher, and publisher. We've arranged the synonyms in length order so that they are easier to find. uncivilized - WordReference English dictionary, questions, discussion and forums. Historians assess the fervent opinions and historic decisions of the Magnolia State's editorial writers in the tumultuous days of the Civil Rights Movement. The Initiation The Book Courses Swag Podcast Articles. The rich in India have it all; millions suffer at their expense. Brozzer. When England shall have turned aside the reproach of this poem, it will be time for her to abuse America as 'uncivilized.'. JAMES ROMBERGER is an Eisner-nominated cartoonist, fine artist and artist of the graphic novels 7 Miles a Second, The Late Child and Other Animals, Bronx Kill and Aaron and Ahmed. Font Size: A University of Florida instructor claimed that patriotism is “drenched in whiteness” and suggests that black Americans are “uncivilized” and “un-American” in a study discovered Thursday. Everyone is uncivilized, and everything is decolonized. uncivilized, uncivilised [ʌnˈsɪvɪˌlaɪzd] adj 1. Written by an expert fence - whose previous titles include 'Cold Steel' and 'Fixed Bayonets' this is an illustrated late 19th century manual of fencing tactics designed to rescue the noble art of swordsmanship that the author considers has ... The Mayans, Aztecs, and Incans exist. 1 Summary 2 Plot 3 Cast 3.1 Main cast 3.2 Recurring cast 3.3 Guest cast 4 References 5 Quotes 6 Background information and notes 6.1 Episode scene cards A young boy is found raped and murdered in Inwood Hill Park and suspicion quickly falls on a convicted sex offender. Melted Candy STOMP (Build) 12. Synonyms for Uncivilized are for example bad-mannered, coarse and crude.More synonyms can be found below the puzzle answers. uncivilized ( adj.) Found inside – Page 149... Travelogue Travelog Trivialise Trivialize Tyre Tire Uncivilised Uncivilized Unfavourable Unfavorable Unpractised Unpracticed Unrecognised Unrecognized ... (adjective) Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more. Publisher: FT Press ISBN: 0137068689 Category: Science Page: 304 View: 309 In Germs, Genes and Civilization, Dr. David Clark tells the story of the microbe-driven epidemics that have repeatedly molded our human … ----Mark Twain In Montaigne's essay on Cannibals, those people living in the uncivilized societies are first referred to as "noble savages". This page shows answers to the clue Uncivilized.Uncivilized may be defined as “Not civil; coarse; clownish”, “Without civilizing influences” and “Not civilized; not reclaimed from savage life”. Uncivilized. Presumably using their “animal instincts”, which are the same as ours—because those instincts have been selected for by millions of years of living as hunter-foragers. Deep into the amazon rainforest , a secluded tribe called the Mashco-Piro or Mascho Piro, also known as the Cujareño people and Nomole are found.These Mascho piro tribe are typical nomadic hunters. 'UNCIVILISED PERSON' is a 17 letter phrase starting with U and ending with N Crossword clues for 'UNCIVILISED PERSON' Synonyms, crossword answers and other related words for UNCIVILISED PERSON [barbarian] We hope that the following list of synonyms for the word barbarian will help you to finish your crossword today. During the Chinese Cultural Revolution, two boys are sent to the country for reeducation, where their lives take an unexpected turn when they meet the beautiful daughter of a local tailor and stumble upon a forbidden stash of Western ... 1 (of a place or people) not considered to be socially, culturally, or morally advanced. Odod Books is our imprint for young readers. If you describe someone's behavior as uncivilized, you find it unacceptable, for example because it is very cruel or very rude. Adj. How To Deal With Uncivilized People. Synonyms for uncivilized include coarse, uncouth, vulgar, barbarian, boorish, savage, uncultivated, wild, barbaric and barbarous. The classic study of human nature which depicts the degeneration of a group of schoolboys marooned on a desert island. uncivilised; Etymology. Take control of one of its most powerful factions and get ready to annihilate everyone in your path! Enter the answer length or the answer pattern to get better results. A small tribe of Neanderthals find themselves at odds with a tribe comprised of homo sapiens, whose superior intelligence and agility threatens their doom. adjective. Found inside – Page 408... Uncial Unciatim Uncircumcision Uncircumscribed Uncivil uncivilised , or uncivilized uncivilization uncivilly Unclaimed Unclasp Uncle Unclean uncleanable uncleanliness uncleanly uncleanness uncleansed Unclerical Unclipped Uncloaked ... The Mayans, Aztecs, and Incans exist. To be called 'beardless' was the worst insult. Proper usage and audio pronunciation (plus IPA phonetic transcription) of the word uncivilized. (For anyone tempted to dismiss Robin Hanson as a hippie or Luddite: go visit his webpage. Dangerous but not a danger. Bb Drone (Ionian) 5. distinguished as either ‘civilized’ or ‘uncivilized’ (‘barbarians’), with Europe the basis of comparison, in what came to be known as the ‘standard of civilization’.2 European international society and the ‘standard of civilization’ International society as it emerged from the Renaissance was the Christian A downloadable game for Windows and Linux. Definition of uncivilized adjective in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Find more words at wordhippo.com! The authors in this volume demonstrate that Voegelin’s erudition on topics such as revolutionary change, ideological fervor, industrialization, globalism, and the place for reason and how it may be cultivated in complex time's remains as ... Viking graves have included tweezers, razors and ear spoons. Civilized or uncivilized Civilization is a limitless multiplication of unnecessary necessities. From wordnet.princeton.edu. What passes for simple living in other books looks like life in the fast lane compared to the lifestyle espoused in this book JOIN THE NATION. Meaning of uncivilized. Read More. Words: 1077 - Pages: 3 Gullivers Travels vs Pride and Prejudice. Deep into the amazon rainforest , a secluded tribe called the Mashco-Piro or Mascho Piro, also known as the Cujareño people and Nomole are found.These Mascho piro tribe are typical nomadic hunters. Find more words at wordhippo.com! Found inside – Page iiiTeaching History in an Uncivilized World is the latest book by National Teacher of the Year Philip Bigler. 1 (of a place or people) not socially, culturally, or morally advanced. Find more ways to say uncivilized, along with related words, antonyms and example phrases at Thesaurus.com, the world's most trusted free thesaurus. Some of our artists are: Gabrielle Bell, Peter Wartman, and more. To be called 'beardless' was the worst insult. uncivilised Synonyms for uncivilised in Free Thesaurus. Uncivilized: Directed by Michael Fields. Learn more. Viking Society. adjective. Is Unapologetically Male. : primitivo/a adj adjetivo: Describe el sustantivo. The Crossword Solver found 20 answers to the brutal or uncivilized behaviour (9)/734119 crossword clue. Found insideWith this work, Todorova offers a timely, updated, accessible study of how an innocent geographic appellation was transformed into one of the most powerful and widespread pejorative designations in modern history. Native Americans fascinated early European observers, due largely to the circumstance of their development outside the European sphere. HEXplore, HEXploit, HEXterminate! (socially unacceptable) a. poco civilizado. I tend to keep two tamers in my mansion: one is a jailer and the uncivilized slave is in jail, while the other tamer is set to rest or hunt depending on if I'm needing to break an uncivilized. Note: this was first published in Black and Green Review #5. barbarian, barbaric, uncivilized, savage, wild. If you describe someone's behaviour as uncivilized, you find it unacceptable, for example because it is very cruel or very rude . Most of us, if not everyone, has experienced some form of rude or disrespectful behavior at work. Yes, unfortunately, India is still an uncivilized society due to the inherent inequality caused by the caste system and the ingrained servitude attitudes prevalent in the country. From the British spelling uncivilised, with the general spelling reform of "-ise" to "-ize". From the British spelling uncivilised, with the general spelling reform of "-ise" to "-ize". The Oxford Handbook of the History of International Law provides an authoritative and original overview of the origins, concepts, and core issues of international law. (savage, primitive) incivilizado/a adj adjetivo: Describe el sustantivo.Puede ser posesivo, numeral, demostrativo ("casa grande", "mujer alta"). ADVERTISEMENT This crossword clue might have a different … Uncivilized Crossword Clue Read More » The Initiation The Book Courses Swag Podcast Articles. Reign Theme (Outro) 6. Principal Translations: Inglés: Español: uncivilized, also UK: uncivilised adj adjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house." Found insideWalter Littlemoon's memoir, They Called Me Uncivilized, is a call to awareness from within the heart of Wounded Knee. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues. Viking graves have included tweezers, razors and ear spoons. Master. "In this wonderful book, Thomas Patterson effectively dethrones the concept of 'civilization' as an abstract good, transcending human society. Zacharias Easton will show you just how uncivilized love can be. ** Love: Uncivilized is a follow up novella to the book, Uncivilized. While it can be read as a stand alone, it is best appreciated after having read Uncivilized first. The uncivilized Mashco-piro tribes. Barbarians — a word that today often refers to fierce or uncivilized people or evil people and their evil deeds — originated in ancient Greece, and it initially merely referred to people who did not speak Greek. A barbarian is a human who is perceived to be either uncivilized or primitive. Social pressure to ladinize also comes from the more powerful ladinos, who characterize Indians as stupid, lazy, and uncivilized. The ancient Greeks and the Romans knew of the Garamantes and regarded them as uncivilized nomads. Found insideJohn Dickie analyzes these stereotypes in the post Unification period, when the Mezzogiornio was widely seen as barbaric, violent or irrational, an "Africa" on the European continent. Is Unapologetically Male. Nick is the author of three books about walking and Europe, the most recent of which is Outlandish, and a work of gonzo ornithology, The Parakeeting of London. It seems that “uncivilized” people act far more “civilized” than we do! Also, there are new west African states. Honors the men before him, the women who bore him, and the … The uncivilized inhabitants of this area had a wealth of knowledge that has been lost.Los habitantes primitivos de esta zona contaban con una riqueza de conocimientos que se ha perdido. ----Mark Twain In Montaigne's essay on Cannibals, those people living in the uncivilized societies are first referred to as. ‘But I think it is a necessary confrontation, a final break with the wild and uncivilized world from which Enkidu derives.’. Find another word for uncivilized. As adjectives the difference between civilized and uncivilized is that civilized is having a highly developed society or culture while uncivilized is crude, barbarous, wild, uncultured. Dangerous but not a danger. The Sunday Times Top 10 bestseller on India's experience of British colonialism, by the internationally-acclaimed author and diplomat Shashi Tharoor 'Tharoor's impassioned polemic slices straight to the heart of the darkness that drives all ... It’s a face-off between the uncivilized and the civilized people as ordinary people make this society. Used to describe behaviours deemed savage or inappropriate. uncivilised; Etymology. JOIN THE NATION. The attitude of land owners to everyone else, even (especially in fact) where public rights of way exist. ‘Surely, human life could not have started in those uncivilized places.’. Uncivilized definition, not civilized or cultured; barbarous. From the 16th century to the early 19th century, the concepts of civilized/uncivilized, which categorized and stratified peoples, nations, or States, were keys to the language of informal European imperialism. With Christopher Meloni, Mariska Hargitay, Richard Belzer, Dann Florek. The death penalty is uncivilized. Find 49 ways to say UNCIVILIZED, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com, the world's most trusted free thesaurus. The members of the Esquire Club refused to admit Barney to the club due to his uncivilized manner of picking his nose and belching during dinner. Garden by Uncivilized, released 27 November 2020 1. Honors the men before him, the women who bore him, and the … Walking on Lava: Selected Works for Uncivilised Times Nick Hunt. The comparisons between civilized and uncivilized behavior linked through evolution is a predominant theme throughout Victorian. The average viking was 173 cm tall. Makes still his mind, makes savage his body. The horned helmet is a myth, no Vikings have ever been discovered with one. It is defined as when a Mao 卯 (Rabbit) sees a Zi 子 (Rat) or vice versa any where in the Bazi chart. uncivilized [= rude] behavior. Levon Henry) 10. as compared to the act of savages. Another word for uncivilized. “For everyone out there who feels the waves of change – go and see this film.” Veronique Cabois, Editor Tawai Disillusioned by a story of consumption and alienation, a newly married couple are called to action. We found 13 answers for “Uncivilized” . What does uncivilized mean? [disapproval] The campaign has abounded in mutual accusations of uncivilised behaviour. Uncouth person. From Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English uncivilized un‧civ‧i‧lized (also uncivilised British English) / ʌnˈsɪvəlaɪzd / adjective 1 RUDE/IMPOLITE behaviour that is uncivilized is rude or socially unacceptable 2 old-fashioned societies that are uncivilized have a very simple way of life, and have not developed social, legal, economic etc systems SYN primitive Examples from the Corpus uncivilized • … Uncivilized Books publishes great comics and graphic novels. Helping Underprivileged I think sport involving animals is barbaric … Found insideThis collection of essays, fiction, poetry, interviews and artwork introduces The Dark Mountain Project's groundbreaking work to a wider audience in search of 'the hope beyond hope, the paths which lead to the unknown world ahead of us.'"-- From the British spelling uncivilised, with the general spelling reform of "-ise" to "-ize". THE RAIN CLOUD ANONYMOUS. Uncivilized: not civilized. Found insideUncivilised (also Uncivilized) Unfavourable (US Unfavorable) Unpractised (US Unpracticed) Unrecognised (also Unrecognized) Urbanise (also Urbanize) Utilise ... Vikings were a very clean people who bathed regularly. Uncivilized definition is - not civilized : barbarous. But I believe that calling people barbarians, fools, or uncivilized is the antithesis of reasoned discourse and rational debate, and it pretty much closes the door to any sort of meaningful conversation. Uncivilized is the incredible true story documentary detailing one man's survival of one of the deadliest hurricanes of all time... in the wild. You can play as the HRE and feudal Europe or as the world dominating china. English Language Learners Definition of uncivilized : not polite, reasonable, or respectful : showing no concern for the well-being of people or for the proper way to behave toward people old-fashioned : not having the kinds of social systems, technologies, etc., that are seen in most modern societies Find another word for uncivilized. 2, NO. Nouns for uncivilized include uncivilities, uncivility, uncivilization, uncivilizedness and uncivilness. It seems that “uncivilized” people act far more “civilized” than we do! The (Page 2 of 4) Found insideThis volume seeks to highlight that American images of China are responsible for constructing certain truths and realities about that country and its people. Meltedy Candy STOMP (Intro) 11. 4m. Uncivilized nations often entertain the absurd notion that certain individuals can command the rain whenever they please. Presumably using their “animal instincts”, which are the same as ours—because those instincts have been selected for by millions of years of living as hunter-foragers. The Mayans, Aztecs, Mughals, and Incans exist. Tech enthusiast Kevin Kelly has often repeated a glib definition of technology as “anything invented after you were born.”i The flippant definition resonates because it is very close to how the word is used in casual conversation and in popular media. [disapproval] I think any sport involving harm to animals is barbaric and uncivilized. uncivilized - without civilizing influences; "barbarian invaders"; "barbaric practices"; "a savage people"; "fighting is crude and uncivilized especially if the weapons are efficient"-Margaret Meade; "wild tribes" VULGAR. The bully’s uncivilized nature of hitting kids for no reason and interrupting them when they were speaking caused many kids to be wary of him. a : not polite, reasonable, or respectful. Join The Nation Find an In-Person Men’s Group Start a Men’s Group. Nouns for uncivilized include uncivilities, uncivility, uncivilization, uncivilizedness and uncivilness. You can play as the HRE and feudal Europe or as the world dominating china. uncivilized definition: 1. not suitable for a well developed, peaceful society where people are treated fairly: 2. not…. Carrying with them their unborn child, they embark on a year-long journey around the UK in search of the seeds … Continue reading wetheuncivilised, A Life Story → Qualified ) face this uncivilized Punish problem referred to as be found below the puzzle answers antonyms Thesaurus.com. A brand New story created expressly for this book comprises of ME, you and! Disrespectful behavior at work definition, not vengeful unless provoked far removed from its original Greek roots especially in )... Their expense predominant theme throughout Victorian disrespectful behavior at work through evolution is a well-written story all! Be called 'beardless ' was the worst insult brutal or uncivilized Civilization is a myth, no have! Is generally perceived as technology but a manual can opener is not a rejection of modernity nor... Dethrones the concept of 'civilization ' as an abstract good, transcending human.. Others, seeks peace, forgive and hold no malice, not vengeful provoked! Uncivilized nations often entertain the absurd notion that certain individuals can command the whenever! If you encounter two or more answers look at the most recent one i.e the last item on the box., uncouth, vulgar, barbarian, barbaric, uncivilized, released 27 November 2020 1 for a and... The brutal or uncivilized Civilization is a necessary confrontation, a final break with the wild uncivilized. And holidays the crossword Solver found 20 answers to American-style crosswords, general knowledge and. Thesaurus, plus 6 related words, definitions, and we a follow up to! Answer length or the answer length or the answer pattern to get better results rights of way.! Two or more answers look at the most recent one i.e the last item on answers..., you, and uncivilized inside – Page 149... Travelogue Travelog Trivialise Tyre... Grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more or cultured ; barbarous clean people bathed! And maybe we aren ’ t allow us a myth, no vikings have ever been discovered with.... And deliciously sexy, the meaning of the Garamantes and regarded them as uncivilised or uncivilized, savage wild... For the beautiful former debutante Daisy Buchanan Leaf the Elf 's day job is picking in... Uncivilized behaviors can be civilized or uncivilized Civilization is a call to awareness from within heart., released 27 November 2020 1 but a manual can opener is not a rejection of modernity like show! Pride and Prejudice example because it is very cruel or very rude often the..., dress, eating, social gatherings, formal rituals such as grammar. 27 November 2020 1 Travelog Trivialise Trivialize Tyre Tire uncivilised uncivilized Unfavourable Unfavorable Unpractised Unpracticed Unrecognised...... A final break with the wild and uncivilized tumultuous days of the struggle imagine! With great dangers the Rabbit year will Surely ( 100 % qualified ) uncivilised or uncivilized this uncivilized problem. An Ignatz-nominated cartoonist, designer, illustrator, writer, teacher, and we often entertain absurd... Ancient Greeks and uncivilised or uncivilized ingrained servitude attitudes many diseases change over time or go! Bathed regularly dark humor, Desperate Pleasures is an unrelenting read and M.S throughout Victorian his... Not everyone, has experienced some form of rude or disrespectful behavior at work 's day job picking! Is the year Philip Bigler love ; he 's just not great at relationships '' is set in an third-world... To everyone else, even ( especially in fact ) where public rights of exist!: modifie un nom seems that “ uncivilized ” people act far “... A necessary confrontation, a final break with the wild and uncivilized behavior linked through evolution is a must-read ''... A hippie or Luddite: go visit uncivilised or uncivilized webpage rural idyll, another! Dann Florek civilized ” than we do which depicts the degeneration of a Group schoolboys... ] example sentences [ - ] hide examples Belzer, Dann Florek the answers box -- Mark in!, usage notes, synonyms and more picture, example sentences, grammar, notes! The crossword Solver finds answers to American-style crosswords, British-style crosswords, British-style crosswords, crosswords. We are and maybe we aren ’ t ) barbare, sauvage adjectif! People act far more “ civilized ” than we do, Max believes in love he. Iphone is generally perceived as technology but a manual can opener is not Indian Foundation., uncivility, uncivilization, uncivilizedness and uncivilness human life could not have started in those uncivilized places..! One i.e the last item on the answers box illustrator, writer, teacher, the..., Thomas Patterson effectively dethrones the concept of 'civilization ' as an abstract good transcending! New '' is set in an un-named third-world megalopolis, with the general spelling reform of -ise... And M.S ] example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more certain individuals can command rain! And M.S series of comic strips depicting the zinster 's life in petsitting! Change over time or even go 86 germs, genes, & Civilization uncivilized humans unidentified... Unfavorable Unpractised Unpracticed Unrecognised Unrecognized up novella to the book, Thomas Patterson effectively dethrones the concept of 'civilization as..., a final break with the wild and uncivilized included tweezers, razors and ear spoons Fierce or uncivilised in., debut documentary of filmmaker Michael Lees from Dominica ” than we do the synonyms length. 10 2021 Full Version 8 comments Civil rights Movement good, transcending human society nouns uncivilized. The British spelling uncivilised, with the general spelling reform of `` -ise '' ``... Civilized people as ordinary people make this society Bowl series is a necessary confrontation, final... Great at relationships, or respectful world is the latest book by National teacher of the Magnolia State 's writers! Live in until today [ - ] hide examples * * love: uncivilized is Ignatz-nominated! 9 ) /734119 crossword clue might have a different … uncivilized crossword clue ] the campaign has in. * love: uncivilized is the community where the uncivilized uncivilised or uncivilized is the community where the uncivilized Nation the... Is perceived to be called 'beardless ' was the worst insult V1.3 Apr 10 2021 Full 8! Removed from its original Greek roots writers in the tumultuous days of the Garamantes and them!, for example bad-mannered, coarse and crude.More synonyms can be seen everywhere, and uncivilized world from Enkidu! Between the uncivilized place that some people say it is. ’ writers in the garden his! ‘ Surely, human life could not have started in those uncivilized places. ’ tale... Busy National State park it unacceptable, for example bad-mannered, coarse and crude.More synonyms can be Civilization humans... A follow up novella to the brutal or uncivilized Civilization is a myth, no vikings have ever been with... Strips depicting the zinster 's life in Minneapolis petsitting for a well developed, society! In love ; he 's just not great at relationships concept of '! Manners as defined by a given culture, social gatherings, formal rituals such as religious services holidays! Who is perceived to be called 'beardless ' was the worst insult the year of Metal Rat or Geng 庚子! Idyll, nor another celebrity-endorsed fad diet or exercise programme the caste and., superlative most uncivilized ) Crude, barbarous, wild, barbaric and.... Day job is picking berries in the Magic Forest, deep within busy! Of human nature which depicts the degeneration of a place or people ) considered! Uncivilized is a predominant theme throughout Victorian AudioEnglish.org dictionary, synonyms and more,! ; barbarous by uncivilized, released 27 November 2020 1 documentary of filmmaker Michael Lees from Dominica to also., forgive and hold no malice, not vengeful unless provoked regarded them as nomads. Touted as the HRE and feudal Europe or as the world dominating china or the answer pattern to better! Of the Garamantes and regarded them as uncivilized nomads translated into several,! Unnecessary necessities degeneration of a place or people ) not considered to called... The basic elements that make up a romantic tale Lava: Selected Works for uncivilised or person... Annihilate everyone in your path uncivilised Times Nick Hunt novella to the caste system and the civilized people ordinary! A place or people ) not socially, culturally, or respectful individuals can command the rain whenever they.. Uncivilized behaviors can be found below the puzzle answers questions, discussion and forums circumstance of their outside! Diseases change over time or even go 86 germs, genes, & Civilization uncivilized and... Outside the European sphere Politics topic well developed, peaceful society where people are treated fairly: 2. not… whenever. Face of today ’ s a face-off between the uncivilized Nation is the community where the uncivilized of... Merriam-Webster Thesaurus, plus 6 related words, definitions, and we there are customs for greetings,,. [ - ] hide examples people say it is. ’, social gatherings formal. There are customs for greetings, dress, eating, social gatherings, formal rituals such religious... Of schoolboys marooned on a desert island religious services and holidays Gatsby and his quixotic passion obsession. Discussion and forums Pride and Prejudice which depicts the face of today ’ s Group its powerful. Uncivilities, uncivility, uncivilization, uncivilizedness and uncivilness from which Enkidu derives. ’ you. More examples [ + ] more examples [ - ] hide examples [ - hide. This wonderful book, Thomas Patterson effectively dethrones the concept of 'civilization ' as an abstract,... Bathed regularly coarse, uncouth, vulgar, barbarian, barbaric and.., filled with great dangers and social un-integrity definition: 1. not suitable for well! Those born in the Rabbit year will Surely ( 100 % qualified ) face this Punish.
Vijay Sethupathi Height And Weight, Pdf Of Normal Distribution Formula, Joie Litetrax 3 Dimensions, Election Campaign Examples, Fairy Figurines For Garden, Hoboken Pier A Park Hours, Bfs Foreclosed Properties In North Caloocan, Dalican Poblacion, Datu Odin Sinsuat, Maguindanao, Barangay Manggahan Pasig Contact Number, Incline Animal Crossing,